A.) Baha'ism

        1860 marked the beginning of Baha'ism, the world ecumenical religion, Christian Unification, Islam and Buddhism, and in 1880, the international organization of Free Thinking was established in Brussels (the Czech section was established in 1904 and again in 1919).

       Its program from the inception was an international one: it primarily recognized positivism and pacifism as well as a strict democratism.

       Free Thinking had a radical social program that brought it closer to a socialist and communist movement.

       In the religious area, it opposed all notions of religion, especially the clericalism, and strived for simple moral issues and separation of church and state.
 

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